May
3,
2020
multilingual test
こんにちは
你好
hyvää päivää
Bună ziua
xin chào
à ñ Ô Ì Ç ø
А Б В Г Ґ Д Е Є Ж З И І Ї Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ь Ю Я
а б в г ґ д е є ж з и і ї й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ь ю я
Ё Ѫ Ѧ ѳ ы ѣ Ѣ ъ ψ ξ
Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ ϴ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω ∇
α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ ς σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ∂ ϵ ϑ ϰ ϕ ϱ ϖ
ಐ ಓ ಔ ಕ ಖ ಗ ಘ ಙ ಝ ಞ ಲ ಶ ಹ ೀ ಾ ಿ ಧಿ ೈ ೋ ೌ ೬ ೂ ೄ ભ મ ય ર લ ળ વ શ ષ સ હ ઼ ઽ ા િ ી ુ ૂ ૃ ૄ ૅ ે ૈ ૉ ો ૌ ્ড ঢ ণ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য র ল শ ষ স ঁ ং ঃ অ আ ই ঈ উ ঊ ঋ ঌ এ ঐ ও ঔ ক খ গহಐ ಓ ಔ ಕ ಖ ಗ ಘ ಙ ಝ ಞ ಲ ಶ ಹ ೀ ಾ ಿ ಧಿ ೈ ೋ ೌ ೬ ೂ ೄ ભ મ ય ર લ ળ વ શ ષ સ હ ઼ ઽ ા િ ી ુ ૂ ૃ ૄ ૅ ે ૈ ૉ ો ૌ ્ড ঢ ণ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য র ল শ ষ স ঁ ং ঃ অ আ ই ঈ উ ঊ ঋ ঌ এ ঐ ও ঔ ক খ গহ
The language of a foreign text can often be identified by looking up characters specific to that language.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ (Latin alphabet)
and no other – English, Indonesian, Latin, Malay, Swahili, Zulu
àèéëïij – Dutch (Except for the ligature ij, these letters are very rare in Dutch. Even fairly long Dutch texts often have no diacritics.)
áêéèëïíîôóúû Afrikaans
êôúû – West Frisian
ÆØÅæøå – Danish, Norwegian
single diacritics, mostly umlauts
ÄÖäö – Finnish (BCDFGQWXZÅbcfgqwxzå only found in names and loanwords, occasionally also ŠšŽž)
ÅÄÖåäö – Swedish (occasionally é)
ÄÖÕÜäöõü – Estonian
ÄÖÜäöüß – German (ẞ never at the beginning of a word, unless it is completely written in capitals)
Circumflexes
ÇÊÎŞÛçêîşû – Kurdish
ĂÎÂŞŢăîâşţ – Romanian
ÂÊÎÔÛŴŶÁÉÍÏâêîôûŵŷáéíï – Welsh; (ÓÚẂÝÀÈÌÒÙẀỲÄËÖÜẄŸóúẃýàèìòùẁỳäëöüẅÿ used also but much less commonly)
ĈĜĤĴŜŬĉĝĥĵŝŭ – Esperanto
Three or more types of diacritics
ÇĞİÖŞÜğçıöşü – Turkish
ÁÐÉÍÓÚÝÞÆÖáðéíóúýþæö – Icelandic
ÁÉÍÓÖŐÚÜŰáéíóöőúüű – Hungarian
ÀÇÉÈÍÓÒÚÜÏàçéèíóòúüï· – Catalan
ÀÂÇÉÈÊËÎÏÔŒÙÛÜŸàâçéèêëîïôœùûüÿ – French; (diacritics on uppercase characters are often optional; Ÿ and ÿ are found only in certain proper names)
ÁÀÇÉÈÍÓÒÚËÜÏáàçéèíóòúëüï (· only in Gascon dialect) – Occitan
ÁÉÍÓÚÂÊÔÀãõçáéíóúâêôà (ü Brazilian and k, w and y not in native words) – Portuguese
ÁÉÍÑÓÚÜáéíñóúü ¡¿ – Spanish
ÀÉÈÌÒÙàéèìòù – Italian
ÁÉÍÓÚÝÃẼĨÕŨỸÑG̃áéíóúýãẽĩõũỹñg̃ - Guarani (the only language to use g̃)
ÁĄĄ́ÉĘĘ́ÍĮĮ́ŁŃ áąą́éęę́íįį́łń (FQRVfqrv not in native words) – Southern Athabaskan languages
’ÓǪǪ́ āą̄ēę̄īį̄óōǫǫ́ǭúū – Western Apache
'ÓǪǪ́ óǫǫ́ – Navajo
’ÚŲŲ́ úųų́ – Chiricahua/Mescalero
ąłńóż Lechitic languages
ćęśź Polish
ćśůź Silesian
ãéëòôù Kashubian
A, Ą, Ã, B, C, D, E, É, Ë, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, Ł, M, N, Ń, O, Ò, Ó, Ô, P, R, S, T, U, Ù, W, Y, Z, Ż – Kashubian
ČŠŽ
and no other – Slovene
ĆĐ – Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Latin
ÁĎÉĚŇÓŘŤÚŮÝáďéěňóřťúůý – Czech
ÁÄĎÉÍĽĹŇÓÔŔŤÚÝáäďéíľĺňóôŕťúý – Slovak
ĀĒĢĪĶĻŅŌŖŪāēģīķļņōŗū – Latvian; (ŌŖ and ōŗ no longer used in most modern day Latvian)
ĄĘĖĮŲŪąęėįųū – Lithuanian
ĐÀẢÃÁẠĂẰẲẴẮẶÂẦẨẪẤẬÈẺẼÉẸÊỀỂỄẾỆÌỈĨÍỊÒỎÕÓỌÔỒỔỖỐỘƠỜỞỠỚỢÙỦŨÚỤƯỪỬỮỨỰỲỶỸÝỴ đàảãáạăằẳẵắặâầẩẫấậèẻẽéẹêềểễếệìỉĩíịòỏõóọồổỗốơờởỡớợùủũúụưừửữứựỳỷỹýỵ – Vietnamese
ꞗĕŏŭo᷄ơ᷄u᷄ – Middle Vietnamese
ā ē ī ō ū – May be seen in some Japanese texts in Rōmaji or transcriptions (see below) or Hawaiian and Māori texts.
é – Sundanese
ñ - Basque
ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ي Arabic script
Arabic, Malay (Jawi), Kurdish (Soranî), Panjabi / Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Urdu, others.
پ چ ژ گ – Persian (Farsi)
Brahmic family of scripts
Bengali script
অ আ কা কি কী উ কু ঊ কূ ঋ কৃ এ কে ঐ কৈ ও কো ঔ কৌ ক্ কত্ কং কঃ কঁ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ ঝ ঞ ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য র ৰ ল ৱ শ ষ স হ য় ড় ঢ় ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯
used to write Bengali and Assamese.
Devanāgarī
अ प आ पा इ पि ई पी उ पु ऊ पू ऋ पृ ॠ पॄ ऌ पॢ ॡ पॣ ऍ पॅ ऎ पॆ ए पे ऐ पै ऑ पॉ ऒ पॊ ओ पो औ पौ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल ळ व श ष स ह ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ प् पँ पं पः प़ पऽ
used to write, either along with other scripts or exclusively, several Indian languages including Sanskrit, Hindi, Maithili, Magahi Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri and Nepali from Nepal.
Gurmukhi
ਅਆਇਈਉਊਏਐਓਔਕਖਗਘਙਚਛਜਝਞਟਠਡਢਣਤਥਦਧਨਪਫਬਭਮਯਰਲਲ਼ਵਸ਼ਸਹ
primarily used to write Punjabi as well as Braj Bhasha, Khariboli (and other Hindustani dialects), Sanskrit and Sindhi.
Gujarati script
અ આ ઇ ઈ ઉ ઊ ઋ ઌ ઍ એ ઐ ઑ ઓ ઔ ક ખ ગ ઘ ઙ ચ છ જ ઝ ઞ ટ ઠ ડ ઢ ણ ત થ દ ધ ન પ ફ બ ભ મ ય ર લ ળ વ શ ષ સ હ ૠ ૡૢૣ
used to write Gujarati and Kachchi
Tibetan script
ཀ ཁ ག ང ཅ ཆ ཇ ཉ ཏ ཐ ད ན པ ཕ བ མ ཙ ཚ ཛ ཝ ཞ ཟ འ ཡ ར ལ ཤ ས ཧ ཨ
used to write Standard Tibetan, Dzongkha (Bhutanese), and Sikkimese
АБВГДЕЖЗИКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШ (Cyrillic alphabet)
ЙЩЬЮЯ
Ъ – Bulgarian
ЁЫЭ
Ў, no Щ, І instead of И (Ґ in some variants) – Belarusian
rarely Ъ – Russian
ҐЄІЇ – Ukrainian
ЉЊЏ, Ј instead of Й (Vuk Karadžić's reform)
ЃЌЅ – Macedonian
ЋЂ – Serbian
ЄꙂꙀЗІЇꙈОуꙊѠЩЪꙐЬѢЮꙖѤѦѨѪѬѮѰѲѴҀ – Old Church Slavonic, Church Slavonic
Ӂ – Romanian in Transnistria (elsewhere in Latin)
ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩ αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρσςτυφχψω (Greek Alphabet) – Greek
אבגדהוזחטיכלמנסעפצקרשת (Hebrew alphabet)
and maybe some odd dots and lines above, below, or inside characters – Hebrew
פֿ; dots/lines below letters appearing only with א,י, and ו – Yiddish
no dots or lines around the letters, and more than a few words end with א (i.e., they have it at the leftmost position) – Aramaic
Ladino
漢字文化圈 – Some East Asian Languages
and no other – Chinese
with あいうえおの Hiragana and/or アイウエオノ Katakana – Japanese
위키백과에 (note commonplace ellipses and circles) Korean
ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋㄌㄍㄎㄏ etc. -- ㄓㄨˋㄧㄣㄈㄨˊㄏㄠˋ (Bopomofo)
ㄪㄫㄬ -- not Mandarin
កខគឃងចឆជឈញដឋឌឍណតថទធនបផពភមសហយរលឡអវអ្កអ្ខអ្គអ្ឃអ្ងអ្ចអ្ឆអ្ឈអ្ញអ្ឌអ្ឋអ្ឌអ្ឃអ្ណអ្តអ្ថអ្ទអ្ធអ្នអ្បអ្ផអ្ពអ្ភអ្មអ្សអ្ហអ្យអ្រអ្យអ្លអ្អអ្វ អក្សរខ្មែរ (Khmer alphabet) - Khmer
Ա Բ Գ Դ Ե Զ Է Ը Թ Ժ Ի Լ Խ Ծ Կ Հ Ձ Ղ Ճ Մ Յ Ն Շ Ո Չ Պ Ջ Ռ Ս Վ Տ Ր Ց Ւ Փ Ք Օ Ֆ (Armenian alphabet) – Armenian
ა ბ გდ ევ ზ ჱ თ ი კ ლ მ ნ ჲ ო პ ჟ რ ს ტ ჳ უ ფ ქ ღ ყ შ ჩ ც ძ წ ჭ ხ ჴ ჯ ჰ ჵ ჶ ჷ ჸ (Georgian alphabet) – Georgian
AEIOUHKLMNPW' Hawaiian alphabet - Hawaiian
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