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“WHERE THINGS SO SMALL CAN HAVE A MASSIVE IMPACT ON YOUR HEALTH.”
Herbsprout is a webblog and podcast dedicated to sharing the health benefits of herbs, food, innovations related to our gut microbiome. Herbsprout seeks to bridge the vast chasm dividing the mainstream medical community and alternative medicine.

A “Tsunami” of Ai is Coming to Health Care

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1. Describe - handcrafted, rul... 1. Describe - handcrafted, rule based, symbolic knowledge.
2. Categorize - deep neural network, statistical learning.
3. Explain - contextual adaption, perceived learning and reasoning.
Serial entrepreneur and Viome CEO Naveen Jain believes there is a big wave of Ai coming to the health sector. “There is a tsunami that's coming," he told CNBC in a TV interview from the Slush technology conference in Helsinki, Finland (December 01, 2017). Jain partly attributes this tsunami to the huge demand for sensors that are driving down the prices, making Ai technology more available to the masses. "The sensors are becoming so cheap. For the first time in our lifetime, we can look deep inside our body (using sensors) to know exactly what is going on," he told CNBC. Jain believes food could become the "next drug," eliminating the need for traditional medicine.

On October 01, 2019, his company Viome was given a highly coveted endorsement in the form of research published about "A Robust Metatranscriptomic Technology for Population-Scale Studies of Diet, Gut Microbiome, and Human Health" in the International Journal of Genomics (Volume 2019, Article ID 171874 about Viome Inc., Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA). The report states that "Humans have co-evolved with the microbiome and have become dependent on its biochemical output, such as certain vitamins and short-chain fatty acids". (see full report, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1718741 ).

16S rRNA VS. METATRANSCRIPTOMIC SEQUENCING:

The report explains in detail the chasm of difference between the 16S r RNA and metatranscriptomic sequencing.

16S rRNA gene sequencing tracks a small portion of the prokaryotic 16S ribosomal RNA gen, but does not measure the biochemical functions of the microorganisms or distinguish living from dead organisms. It also excludes some bacteria, most archaea, and all eukaryotic organisms and viruses, resulting in a limited view of the gut microbiome ecosystem, according to the October 1 report.

Metatranscriptomic analysis (metatranscriptomics, RNA sequencing, and RNAseq) offers insights into what the gut microbiome are actually doing and why and how they are doing it. Viomega can make classifications based on a database of 110,000 microbial genomes, and quantitative microbial gene expression analysis using a database of 100 million microbial genes. "The biochemical activities of the gut microbiome by quantifying expression levels of active microbial genes, allowing for the assessment of pathway activities, while also providing strain-level taxonomic resolution for all metabolically active organisms and viruses," says the report. Viome's Viomega now makes this process affordable as well for the first time.

Naveen Jain founded Viome in 2016, a leading personalized microbiome gut sequencing technology company that uses deep machine learning and data science to offer optimal health care solutions for its customers. One of Jain’s “Moonshot” goals is to “truly make illness optional.” To do so, we must “think like the future has already arrived.”

Health care is one of those key global challenges facing this generation. The wholistic approach to wellness that has prevailed for centuries in Asia is being explored in a much broader scale with advanced Ai (artificial intelligence), data science, and other technology by the scientific communities in the U.S. and elsewhere that were not available to previous generations.

What Jain and his team at Viome are using Ai to discover a deeper and more detailed understanding of the mind and body. "Ai is going to play the biggest role because there is so much more data that no humans can ever process," he said.
#ai #artificialintelligence #bacteria #datascience #gutmicrobiome #healthinnovation #healthtech #machinelearning #mindbody

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Ayurveda's "person-centric", non-standardized approach to health

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Ayurvedic health is a 3,000 he... Ayurvedic health is a 3,000 hear old holistic approach to an individual's personal health from India based on the three

Doshas: Vata (air, ether), Pitta (fire), and Kapha (water, earth).
How is Ayurvedic health different from the other approaches to health care? The modern scientific approach has been focused on standardization and applying solutions that work for the majority of people, such as if you get sick, you take this particular medicine and you will be healed of the ailment.

Ayurveda on the other hand, is person-centered vs. pathology-centered. It takes the approach that respects and considers the uniqueness of each individual in applying health care solutions. Ayurveda works with all levels of the person, the physical, mental, and spiritual, and both internal (microcosm) and external factors (macrocosm).

It believes each individual must take responsibility for their own health with a preventive, natural approach to addressing our symptoms and health issues.
#ai #artificialintelligence #ayurveda #bacteria #datascience #diet #doshas #gutmicrobiome #health #healthinnovation #healthtech #herbalmedicine #herbs #machinelearning #mindbody #plantnutrition #spices

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Microbiome's connection to autism

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Microbiome's connection to aut...
Research is being administered about the influence of gut microbiomes on everything from autism, multiple sclerosis, PTSD, Parkinson’s Disease and brain health to cancer, depression, obesity, diabetes and weight loss. It has become widespread as major research institutions and universities are conducting studies on the subject.

An article in The Guardian, “Gut bacteria regulate nerve fibre insulation” (Mo Costandi, April 05, 2016) claims that “alterations in our gut bacteria composition may be connected to a wide range of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including autism, chronic pain, depression, and Parkinson’s Disease.” Psychosomatic Medicine reported that “various factors play a role (in PTSD), including a lack of social support and low levels of the neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y (see British Psychological Society blog, November 22, 2017).

Research on mice in early 2019 done by MIT and the University of Massachusetts Medical School found similar impacts of identifiable microbial strains. Researchers found that the gut microbiome composition of the mother’s gut can influence whether maternal infection leads to autistic-like behaviors in offspring. They also discovered the specific brain changes that produce these behaviors. The same MIT report also referenced a 2010 study where all children born in Denmark between 1980 and 2005 found that severe viral infections during the first trimester of their mother’s pregnancy led to risk for autism by three times.

In a 2016 Science paper, Drs. Gloria Choi and her husband Jun Huh found that types of immune cells known as Th17 cells, and their effector molecule, called IL-17, are responsible for this effect in mice. IL-17 then interacts with receptors found on brain cells in the developing fetus, leading to irregularities that the researchers call “patches” in certain parts of the cortex known as the somatosensory cortex. When the researchers restored normal levels of brain activity in this area of the brain, they were able to reverse the behavioral abnormalities. They were also able to induce the behaviors in otherwise normal mice by over stimulating neurons in the somatosensory cortex.
#Braindiseases #autism #effectormolecules #microbiomes #molecules #neurotransmitters

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Will gut bacteria replace drugs as medicine?

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In a paper published Wednesday, August 28, 2019 in the journal Nature, scientists found that certain bacteria molecules can interact with protein receptors in mice, receptors which humans also have. The specific receptors found by microbiologist Sean Brady and his team at Rockefeller University, made the connection that certain gut bacteria are making molecules that improve glucose regulation in mice, a key step toward harnessing molecules to treat illness.

In Brady's study, signaling molecule in the bacteria known as N-acyl amides are involved in signaling pathways, helping the body regulate itself. Knowing this could enable us to use microbes to not only address symptoms as so much of modern medicine does, but apply healthy microbes to treat the source of an illness.

See Popular Science article, https://www.popsci.com/gut-bacteria-medicine/?zLzbIvdKfbdGTwyp.03).

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Can you get drunk without drinking alcohol? Yes.

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Too much junk food? Too much junk food?
The answer is yes, and it's more common than you think. Researchers have discovered a new culprit to liver damage without even picking up your favorite alcoholic drink. That culprit is the bacteria in your gut, specifically a strain called Klebsiella pneumonia.

Not everyone's k. pneumonia creates liver damaging levels of alcohol. This gut bacteria produces a large amount of alcohol in the body in a select number of people. These bacteria reside in over 60% of patients who contract non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in some leading to fibrosis and in fewer, the life threatening cirrhosis of the liver. An estimated 25% of the human population has alcohol producing bacteria in their body.

So "what's the point?" quoting the local AA meeting reading. "The point is" . . . well, watch what you eat. Apparently, non-alcohol induced inebriation is triggered by eating too much carbo- rich, sugary foods, according to a study by co-author Jing Yuan, a professor and director of the bacteriology laboratory at the Capital Institute of Pediatrics in Beijing. He recently shared his team's findings with Live Science (see article,
https://www.livescience.com/alcohol-producing-gut-bacteria-harm-liver.html ).

The good news is that even if you're an "alcoholic" without consuming even a drop of alcohol, the new finding offers opportunity to diagnose and treat NAFLD early. . . And a solution- "put down that sprinkle donut!"
#alcohol #drinking #gutbacteria #guthealth #liverdamage #liverdisease #microbiome

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"Miracle bugs" - Microbial Influences on MS

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"Miracle bugs" - Microbial Infl...
Research suggests that microbiomes influence brain health in a variety of ways.

Innovative entrepreneurs and researchers are able to isolate, using Ai, specific strains of bacteria that directly affect the neuro-degeneration of MS (multiple sclerosis) patients, as one of many examples.

Miracle “bugs”

Getting down to specifics, one study identified a connection between bacterial strains Akkermansia muciniphila and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and multiple sclerosis. A study conducted by the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) found a connection between gut microbiomes and neuron-degeneration characterized by MS (September 11, 2017 Online Edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). In the study, postdoctoral UCSF researcher Egle Cekanaviciute, PhD, and collaborators found specific species of bacteria in the gut among 71 MS patients they analyzed that were not present in 71 healthy control subjects. The study found that Akkermansia muciniphila and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus—triggered human immune cells to become pro-inflammatory, while another found at lower than usual levels in MS patients — Parabacteroides distasonis—triggered immune-regulatory responses. Sergio Baranzini, PhD, a professor of neurology at UCSF explains in the article that “twins only share an MS diagnosis about 35 percent of the time.” Baranzini and Cekanaviciute’s studies took the research a step further, to identify the effects of specific microbiomes – the increased presence of ones that cause harmful effects versus the decreased presence of ones that are helpful – how they actually impact human health.

This demonstrates concrete evidence associating the role of microbiomes and MS. Baranzini and Cekanaviciute’s research took the research a step to the next level. It identified the effects of specific microbiomes - the increased presence of ones that cause harmful effects versus the decreased presence of ones that are helpful - how they actually impact human health. With this knowledge, scientists have the tools now to potentially cure degenerative diseases like MS for the first time!

The brain – microbial body connections seem endless, as the engine of microbial research redefines the health care industry.
#ai #artificialintelligence #bacteria #datascience #gutmicrobiome #healthinnovation #healthtech #machinelearning #mindbody

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Chinese herbal impacts on gut health

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Radix Scutellariae also known ... Radix Scutellariae also known as baical skullcap seed/ root is the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, the source of the 2,000 year old Chinese medicine Huang Qin.
In addition to animal studies, several studies of natural products have been performed on human gut microbiota. Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, reshaped the gut microbiota in a clinical study by China Pharmaceutical University (see reference below) in which 187 T2D (type 2 diabetes) patients participated. The data showed that the symptoms of T2D, such as fasting blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, were ameliorated in GQD-treated patients, with increased amounts of beneficial bacteria, including Faecalibacterium, Gemmiger, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia. Radix Scutellariae (baical skullcap seed/ root) in GQT is the main herbal component that facilitated the potent inhibition of MMP-2. MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) contributes to cancer cells migration and the progression of breast cancer, among others. GQT is also widely used to treat diarrhea and inflammation symptoms in various gastrointestinal disorders. (see https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332218369075).

Another clinical study involving ten obese Korean women was conducted to investigate the antiobesity activity of the water extract of Ephedra sinica Stapf. This study revealed that, in seven of the ten obese women, BW and body mass index (BMI) were decreased after administration of this herb. (source: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China. Contact Qinglong Guo; qinglongguo@hotmail.com and Na Lu; nalu@cpu.edu.cn). ).
#ai #artificialintelligence #bacteria #datascience #diet #gutmicrobiome #health #healthinnovation #healthtech #herbalmedicine #herbs #machinelearning #mindbody #plantnutrition #spices

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Parkinson's may originate in the gut

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Researchers found evidence that Parkinson's disease is formed from α-synuclein (alpha-synuclein) proteins and their dysfunction begins in the intestine. Parkinson's disease happens when these proteins build up and solidify, which damages nerve cells.

Parkinson's symptoms include shakiness in the hands and limbs, difficulty walking, dizziness, rigidity, dementia, difficulty thinking, among others. Parkinson's disease patients often already show progressed nervous system damage at the time of diagnosis.

The good news is the damaged a-synuclein proteins originate in the small intestines and migrate slowly up to the brain. It is now possible to detect pathological a-synuclein in the gut up to twenty years before diagnosis, according to Per Borghammer who led the study, a professor at the Department of Clinical Medicine at Aarhus University, Denmark. If detected early in the gut, treatment can begin even before symptoms begin to show in the Parkinson's patient.

The research was originally reported September 13, 2019 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science news release on its Eureka Alert!

See https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-09/au-pdm090219.php

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100x+ more Microbial DNA in our bodies than human DNA!

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100x+ more Microbial DNA in ...
Yes, it is true. Our bodies have more microbiome DNA than human DNA. There are roughly 20,000 of our own human DNA in our body. There are an estimated two to twenty million microbiome DNA in our body.

DNA of these gut microbiomes are sophisticated and adaptable. They are able to take in pieces of DNA, then incorporate them into their genomes. These tiny microbes are a flexible learning machine that seeks out resources in its environment they ingest for useful purposes. The microbes undergo a trial and error process to solve all the problems, trying new proteins until it finds one that addresses its needs.

A “keystone species” microbe that resides in the human gut is the ruminococcus bromii. It is a dominant member of the suite of human gut microbiome that triggers energy and it digests resistant starches by breaking down and releasing enzymes from these starches. The ruminococcus bromii primarily reside in the colon. The function of it as a keystone species enables the proper functioning of other downline microbial activity, much in the same way that the presence of wolves in Yellowstone Park is a keystone species to maintain a balance in the park’s ecosystem.
#ai #artificialintelligence #bacteria #datascience #gutmicrobiome #healthinnovation #healthtech #machinelearning #mindbody

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What about ginseng root and gut health?

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What about ginseng root and gu...
We know that ginseng is healthy for the body. But how does ginseng promote health? and is it beneficial for the long term? The short answer is yes, it is generally beneficial to our microbiome health for the long term.

A report in the July 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research (Volume 42, Issue 3; see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.011) and a separate June 2018 study by Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R.C.; see article, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29896600), investigated the effect of Ginseng extracts on the structure of gut microbiota.

This report found positive affects of the "host-gut metabolism, immune system, the anti-inflammation process and the gut intestinal microbiota structure" when consuming ginseng extract over the long term. The research was based on the application of a 16S rRNA microbial sequencing technology. For example, the increased abundance in tested host groups of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, interleukin 4 (IL4), and IL10 and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels demonstrated that Ginseng extracts contribute to enhancements of probiotics. Results may vary from person to person.

A 2015 Journal of Ethnopharmacology reported that out of the 7 Chinese traditional herbs, red ginseng is the most effective in promoting the growth of probiotics including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.

In a 2019 study by the Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, the antiobesity effect of ginseng varied when the composition of gut microbiota was altered. The abundance of Subdoligranulum, Oscillibacter, and Akkermansia in the gut associated with changes in BW and BMI, whereas Lactobacillus was linked to body fat percentage
#ai #artificialintelligence #bacteria #datascience #diet #gutmicrobiome #health #healthinnovation #healthtech #herbalmedicine #herbs #machinelearning #mindbody #plantnutrition #spices

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