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Sake Ambassador

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Rice milling with water wheels 

At a time when rice in the sake production regions of Itami and Ikeda was polished by stomping, rice milling using water wheels started in the Nada region in the fast-flowing river of Rokkosan with abundant water volume. White rice was used with 25~35 percent of the rice bran, etc., removed in the 1800’s. Using water wheels to mill rice required a longer time compared to rice milling today, thought to have produced quality white rice with low gelatinization and low fat oxidation.       

Around 1913, 277 water mills operated in the Nada region. Large volumes of rice were processed in a set period, which increased labor productivity and made mass production of sake possible.  


Focus on cold-weather brewing 

Traditionally, sake was produced seasonally over a nine-month period between June to March of the lunar calendar. Seasonal sake was produced five times a year throughout the four seasons as shin-shu (new sake), aisyu (in-between sake), kanmae-sake (pre-cold weather sake), kansyu (cold weather sake), and haruzake (spring sake). In the Nada region, new rice and seasonal workers were used to focus sake production during the cold weather season for economic advantages.     

Also, bacterial contamination was reduced and the quality of sake improved. To shorten the brewing period, the brewing days were shortened, the production volume was increased, and sake cellars were expanded, etc. 



水車精米 

伊丹・池田地方がまだ足を使って精米をしていた頃、灘地方では六甲山の水量豊富で流れの速い河川を利用して水車を動力源とした精米が始まった。1800年代には25~35%のぬか等を取り除いた精白米が使われていた。水車を利用したことにより現代の精米に比べ長時間精米であるのでα化や脂肪酸化の少ない良質の白米を生産していたと思われる。1913年頃には灘地方で水車場277場が存在しており、一定時間に大量の米が処理できるようになり、労働生産性が高まるとともに仕舞個数(しまいこすう:1日10石の原料白米が仕込まれるのを1個仕舞と呼ぶ)を大きくして酒の量産化が可能になった。



寒造りへの集中

従来、諸白(もろはく)造りは、陰暦7月から3月までの9ヶ月間に季節に応じて、新酒・間酒・寒前酒・寒酒・春酒造りが行われていたが、灘では寒い時期に新米と季節労働力を利用して、集中的に酒造りをすることにより経済的にも有利になった。

また、細菌汚染も少なくなり品質的にも向上した。醸造期間を短縮するために、(1)酛(もと)日数の短縮、(2)醪日数の短縮 (3)仕舞個数(しまいこすう)の増大 (4)酒蔵の大型化等々が実施された。



#alljapannews #japanese #japanesefood #japanesesake #jizake #sake

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